China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 came after lengthy negotiations. In other words, many parties are concerned that China’s international trade actions, and how they replicate the interplay between its government and its domestic economic system, could belie Beijing’s insistence that the country has outgrown its non-market economic system status.

This is mainly as a result of the two components used for purposes of comparison — the exporting country’s residence” prices, and its costs of production — are both too skewed in a non-market economic system as a result of heavy governmental involvement.

As part of …

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